Solvent and vehicle for resinous and gelatinized material



Patented Oct. 27, 1925. i

' I UNITED STATES PATENT orrics.

cant.

n. ROCKER, or EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR 'ro wnszrnannano rmc I COMPANY, INCORPORATED, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW KOBE.

SOLVENT D MOLE-FOR BESINOUS AND GELATINIZED MATERIAL.

Io Drawing.

To all whom z'tmay con ern.-

Be it known that I, CARL D. HooKER, a

citizen of the United States, residing at East the/county of Essex, State of Orange, in

have invented certain new and New Jersey, useful Improvements hicles for Resinous and Gelatinized Material, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description.

This invention relates to vehicles for resinous and similar substances used in varnishes, enamels, impregnating compounds, japans, lacquers, and the like.

Natural resins such as used for bases of the so-called varnish gums and spirit lacquers, vary greatly in their solubility. Some are soluble incommon solventssuch as alcobenzol, carbon-bisulphide, turpentine, products and others can be only by special solsome prelimihol, petroleum brought into soiution vents or mixtures unless given nary treatment, such as fusion. Drying oils also have been used to some extent as vehicles for such natural resins. If the varnish gums which .are employed are those which requirea preliminary treatment, the fusion operation necessary to render them soluble involves a considerable loss of-material. This is of course undesirable.

Take for example the usual method employed in treating gums for use in making varnishes. The resin must be subjected to a preliminary fusion until all the residue canbe completely incorporated with the oily vehicle or solvent. A considerable amount 0 the raw material, depending upon the hard-' ness of the resin, isthus lost. If the resin be treated with drying or semidrying oils, only "alimited amount of the resin may be dissolved, the resulting mixture being comparatively low in resin content.

It is well knownthat if vegetable oils are ."subjected to a heat treatment under. the

mosplheric or diminis ressure, 1. e.', either ated pressure depending e nature of the oil, a gelatinous predon t not may be obtained. In case of those proper conditions of vegetable oils which will gelatinize on heat-' ing, the oil will only dissolve about an equal weight of the gel, and for this reason the resu ting solutions have been relatively d1- lute. M

,An object of the invention is to produce a vehicle in which these resinous or gelatinized materials may be. incorporated, i. e., resins,

Application filed December 11, 1919. Serial No. 344,178.

7 the gelatinized products of overheating of an oil and By completely saponi'fying drying oils such as linseed and Chinese wood oils, or

in Solvents and -Ve-.

.has been used to accomplish t v vegetable oils and the gelatinous masses formed by the resin.

semi-drying oils such a as corn, cotton seed, sesame, rapeseed, and castor oils, there is produced a polyacid alcohol, glycerine, on the one hand and, on the other, alkali salts from which can be re cipitated two or more freefatty acids. he following fatty acids have been found as being derived in this manner from the oils above mentioned; oleic, stearic, palmitic, myristic, linolenic, isolinolenic, elaeomar- (glaric; arachidic, eru'cic, rapic,'ricinoleio, and ihydroxystearic. The free fatty acids may be derived from the vegetable oils by saponifying the oils with an excess ofa solution of caustic soda or otash in water, and after complete saponi cation, decomposin the re-- sulting soaps with a dilute acid, suc as by drochloric acid or sulphuric acid, washing and filtering. One laboratory rocess which is is the following: One kilo of the oil is heated to about 80 C. and a solution of 50 ms caustic soda in 600 c. c. of water is ad ed with con stant stirring. The emulsion formed is heat= ed to boiling, and a solution of'150 grams caustic soda in 1200 c. 0. water is-added.

The mass is kept boiling until complete f clear solution has been obtained. Thefatty acids are set free by adding a dilute solution of sulphuric acid (10%) with brisk stirring to the soap solution until the watery under lying layer, which contains the glycerine, shows a distinct' acid reaction to litmus paand fatty acids, which have been set per free, form a uniform clear layer on to of 1 the water. The water .is drawn 05, an the fatty acids washed free from mineral acids and salts by repeated treatment with hos water, after which they are filtered dried. By taking one of the above fatty acids or a mixture of them as. is obtained from a vegetable oil by the above process, and adding to it'either a resin, the gelatinn ized product formed by the heating of a vegetable oil at atmosp eric or diminished pressure, the gelatinized product formed by the'combination of a resin'with a vegetable oil, or the gelatinized product formed by the action of glycerine on a resin, it has been found that a homogeneous body is readily obtained. In thecase of the treatment with the acids of the gelatinized product formed by the heating of the vegetable oil at atmospheric or diminished pressure, the homogeneous body obtained will be a liquid, while in the cases of resins or their gelatinized products, the character of this compound will depend upon the proportion of the acids employed, and the nature of the solid resinous or gelatinized material used.

The adaptation of such compounds as mentioned herein for enamels, impregnating compounds, japans, lacquers, and varnishes has been proven by tests which have been made and the value of the discovery of this property'of the free fatty acids and its application will be apparent to one skilled in the art.

An example of the use of these free fatty acids as vehicles for the above mentioned substances is shown in the preparation of a li uid composition for application to electrical conductors as an insulating enamel or japan. A basic material for this composition is formed, preferably, from Congo copal and Chinese wood oil. By saponification of v the Chinese wood oil and subsequent separation from the glycerine and precipitation of their alkali salts by process described above, a mixture of fatty acids consisting largely of oleic and elaeomargaric acids is obtained. Three parts of the Congo co-pal are added to .two parts of this mixture of free fatty acids and heat is applied until a temperature of from 250 to 300 degrees centigrade is reached. After maintainin the mlxture at this temperature for two hours, it is al-- lowed to cool. The result is a wax-like product which may readily be used as a asic material in making compounds for the enameling of wire.

In the manner described above, after subjecting a vegetable oil, such as Chinese wood oil to heat and obtaining a gelatinized product therefrom, the free fatty acid may be added thereto; and the whole heated to a homogeneous state, thereby yielding a satisfactory material for liquid coating com positions. So also the product formed by the heating of a. vegetable oil with a resin may be dissolved readily in either one or more of the freefatty acids, giving a uniform, syrupy com osition,

' Moreover, as wil be seen from my prior Patent No. 1,422,861, granted July 18, 1922, the free fatty acids afford a means by which resins may be more easily treated with glycerine in order to form the specific coatlng composition covered by that application.

While there has been named herein a s e- ClfiC number of resinous materials whlch may be utilized in preparing liquid coating compositions according to the invention, it is intended to include all substances of resinous or gelatinized-oleaginous nature, which are adapted for such use when one or more of the free fatty acids are used as the vehicle.

In order that it may be understood what acids are intended to be included as belonging to the fatty acid class, a word of explanation is considered to be necessary. Vari ous textbooks which contain matter relating to the chemical" composition of such substances difi'er in their classification of the fatty acids. As used in this specification, the term fatty-acids is considered to include any and all classes embraced by the following outline:

l. Acids of the acetic series, C H nO 2. Acids of the oleic series, C H O 3. Acids of the series C H O which includes the open chain and cyclic series.

4. Acids of the linoleic series, C H O 5. Acids of the clupanodonic and the C H O series.

6. Hydroxylated or carboxylated acids of any of the above series.

What is claimed is:

1. The process of forming a composition of matter which comprises adding free fatty acid to gelatinizedcastor oil.

2. The process of forming a composition of matter which comprises gelatinizing vegetable oil and resin, and adding free fatty acid thereto.

3. The process of forming a -composition of matter which comprises gelatinizing castor oil and copal, and adding free fatty acid thereto.

4. A composition of matter comprising gelatinized castor oil and free fatty acid.

5. A composition of matter comprising free fatty acid, and gelatinized castor oil and co al.

6. T e process of forming a composition of matter which comprises adding free fatty acid to gelatinized castor oil, and heating these ingredients to form a homogeneous mass.

7. The process of forming a composition of matter which comprises gelatinizing vegetable oil and resin, adding free fatty acid thereto and heating the resulting product to a homogeneous state.

8. The process of forming a composition of matter which comprises gelatinizing cas tor oil and copal, adding free fatty acid thereto and heating the resulting product to a homogeneous state.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 10th day of December A. D.,

CARL D. HOCKER. 

